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Introduction: The COVID-19 could be a dangerous widespread that has influenced each angle of life including education. The educational institutes have been closed to avoid the spread of the infection, and they have changed over their system into distance education. Completing the semester there's a have to be address the risky issues within the modern framework to create it for future usage Objectives: 1-To explore the effects of Covid-19 on life style 2- To know the perceptions and suggestions regarding online education in pandemic Material and Methods Study design: Qualitative Settings: Rawalpindi Medical University Duration: Six months i.e. 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021 Data Collection procedure: It was focus group discussion conducted via Zoom link. There were 15 medical students were selected from all five classes of MBBS randomly after taking informed consent. A variety of issues that were obtained from the discussion were identified. Results: The findings have uncovered that most of the members were influenced by the widespread period contrarily Anxiety, hope less, and fatigue. It is clear from the findings that education process has had its shortcomings instead of its advantages such as need of interaction, and communication which lead the students to segregation, issues about exams, conventional instructive habits, the load of assignments, and time administration. On the other side the advantages regarding flexibility of place and time to learn and comfort in assessment Conclusion: It is evident that the COVID-19 widespread process has influenced the students' lives adversely. These negative sentiments have not been overcome by the instruction they uncovered all through the period. While, in conventional campus life they would be at the side their companions and teachers and they would overcome the issues together through socializing. Distance education system tried to facilitating teaching. The COVID-19 widespread period ought to be regarded as an opportunity for teachers to consider how to push the distance education framework forward. Within the light of the findings, it would be awesome to create the current distance education practices which we may well are beyond any doubt that long-term executions get a solid premise.
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OBJECTIVE: It is known that the severity of COVID-19 is linked to the prognosis of patients; therefore, an early identification is required for patients who are likely to develop severe or critical COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this study is to propose a statistical method for identifying the severity of COVID-19 disease by using clinical and biochemical laboratory markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 48 clinically and laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were obtained from King Fahad Hospital, Medina (KFHM) between 27th April 2020 to 25th May 2020. The patients' demographics and severity of COVID-19 disease were assessed using 39 clinical and biochemical features. After excluding the demographics, 35 predicting features were included in the analysis (diabetes, chronic disease, viral and bacterial co-infections, PCR cycle number, ICU admission, clot formation, cardiac enzymes elevation, hematology profile, sugar levels in the blood, as well as liver and kidney tests, etc.). Logistic regression, stepwise logistic regression, L-2 logistic regression, L-2 stepwise logistic regression, and L-2 best subset logistic regression were applied to model the features. The consistency index was used with kernel Support-Vector Machines (SVM) for the identification of associated markers. RESULTS: L-2 best subset logistic regression technique outperformed all other fitted models for modeling COVID-19 disease severity by achieving an accuracy of 88% over the test data. Consistency index over L-2 best subset logistic regression identified 14 associated markers that can best predict the COVID-19 severity among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: By combining a variety of laboratory markers with L-2 best subset logistic regression, the current study has proposed a highly accurate and clinically interpretable model of predicting COVID-19 severity.
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COVID-19 , Biomarkers , COVID-19/diagnosis , Humans , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Saudi Arabia/epidemiology , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Learning outcomes: This case study aims to be taught at an MBA level. Students who are majoring in the supply chain would benefit the most from this case study. This case study has elements of logistics management, supply chain management, supply chain strategies, warehouse and logistics and responsible supply chain. The learning outcome of this case study could be seen if the students identify the gaps in the real market setting and come up with strategies that would connect and/or fill the areas missing. Teaching objective 1: students should be able to identify unstable demand scenarios and learn how demand collaboration could be implemented in that setting. Teaching objective 2: students should identify how a transparent and interconnected supply chain, both upstream and downstream, can be created. Teaching objective 3: students should be able to understand the role of a responsible supply chain and to define the role and responsibility of each party. Teaching objective 4: students should be able to learn the dynamics of safety stocks, reorder points and incorporate that in warehouse management decisions. Case overview/synopsis: Based in Lahore, Pakistan, Total Technologies (Pvt.) Ltd is a company that supplies medical equipment and provides solutions in the health-care industry. This case explores the supply chain issues faced by Tallat Mehmood, who is the Managing Director of the company, during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021. Oxygen cylinders have become the need of the hour as more and more patients need oxygen. The supply of medical gases across Pakistan has become a logistical issue, causing hospital reserves to be drained without timely replenishment. Increasing the number of beds in hospitals, with limited oxygen outlets, has increased the demand for oxygen cylinders. Operating under unstable demand and not being able to meet it has caused Tallat to realize that the company is out of its comfort zone and is not responding well to the environment. The company needs to redesign the supply chain as well as collaborate with the supplier and buyer to provide better levels of service. Complexity academic level: Masters level supply chain courses. Supplementary materials: Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 9: Operations and logistics. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Objective: To evaluate the prevailing practices regarding personal protective equipment in operation theaters. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from May to Jun 2020. Methodology: After the approval of the approval of the hospital ethical committee, 300 online forms were send. A total of 227 respondents returned the 22 questions survey forms. Data was collected and analyzed using online site www.surveyplanet.com. Results: A total of 203 forms were included in our final analysis. Most 128 (63.1%) were males with 90 (44.3%) common aged between 31-40 years and 168 (82.8%) working in tertiary care hospitals. One hundred and fifty eight (77.8%) were routinely managing known Covid cases per-operatively. One hundred and seventy four (85.7%) reported that personal protective equipment was being provided by the hospital administration;55 (27.1%) have bought part of full protective equipment at their own expense;72 (35.5%) re-using protective equip-ment;167 (82.3%) being provided with N-95 masks and 120 (59.1%) re-using N-95 masks. One hundred and twenty one (59.6%) wearing level III protective gear during all surgeries, 192 (94.6%) respondents reported maintaining hand hygiene after each patient. Only 65 (32%) taking shower at the hospital at the end of their shift. Conclusion: Most of the operation theaters were providing protective equipment to their staff with nearly half reusing protective gear and N-95 masks. © 2021, Army Medical College. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: Corona viruses have spiked structure and enveloped glycoproteins in their structure, along with specific proteins in membranes. The mode of action of COVID-19 consists of three phases, i.e. viral replication, immune hyperactivity and pulmonary destruction. However, angiotensin-converting enzyme is an essential receptor that causes COVID-19. After infecting any individual, COVID-19 develops in specific pattern with the following stages: replication stage and adaptive immunity stage. After adaptive immunity stage, the clinical symptoms of patient include cough, fever, runny nose, shortness of breath and many more. To cope with this COVID-19, food and nutrition played an important role. The purpose of this review article is to emphasize the significance of food and immunity to reduce COVID-19 attack among susceptibles. Design/methodology/approach: In the present era, corona virus, a member of crown-shaped type, created a pandemic situation around the globe owing to its capability to move from human to animals and vice versa. This virus can transfer its 35% infection to the individuals. Contemporarily, this outbreak was observed in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and affected a huge number of communities by spreading like common flu. However, after investigation, it was revealed that COVID-19 is different from common flu regarding respiratory illness created by this novel coronavirus along with its taxonomy. Findings: Over and above to all the aforementioned food safety concerns, it is suggested to use sufficient supply of green leafy vegetables along with fiber-rich foods such as legumes, beans, whole grains and vegetables. It is further good for health to get all these varieties whole and organic. The individuals should use probiotics (lactobacillus) on daily basis as a source of diary probiotic that can further bind to the virus directly and then can inhibit the viral attachment with body cells;also the probiotics are claimed to enhance the immune system of the body. Research limitations/implications: In the case of fruits and vegetables purchased, it must be thoroughly washed with water and then disinfected;after pat drying, these fruits and vegetables can be moved to the refrigerator and stored along with other foods. During the outbreak of COVID-19, the partially cooked or ready-to-eat foods should be avoided, especially eggs, meat, meat products, milk and milk-related products. On the other side, nuts should not be consumed;if required, then it must be properly roasted at home before consumption. Practical implications: The baked product right after coming out of oven is completely safe;however, these are contaminated during handling such as crumb in case of bread and with knives;so in the breakout of any viral attack, the individuals should avoid slicing of the bread. Moreover, it is recommended to place the baked products in personal bags instead of bulk quantity. Before the consumption, the baked products should be toasted, microwaved or heated with the help of pan (traditional) to reduce the amount of viral load. Social implications: Dietary supplements are taken by most of the people on daily basis or sporadically especially when they are suffering from inflammation or cold. They have options while selecting these types of supplements such as probiotics, Echinacea, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins D and E, calcium glucosamine, garlic and iron. These supplements are beneficial for the group of population who do not eat diversity of food as sufficient amount of essential nutrients is provided through this pathway. Originality/value: This work is original in its novelty. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.